Carolina Arenas

DVM, PhD, Dipl-ECVIM-CA, MRCVS, EBVS®️ European Veterinary Specialist in Small Animal Internal Medicine

This guide details the diagnostic approach to hypercalcaemia in dogs, covering clinical signs (anorexia, lethargy, PU/PD), causes and diagnostic steps. Key insights include interpreting CBC/biochemistry (albumin, globulins, ionised calcium), imaging (radiographs, ultrasound), and specific tests...

Sonia Anor

Neurology and Neurosurgery specialist

This article discusses Vestibular Disease in dogs and cats, focusing on central versus peripheral signs. It details neurological examinationsfor differentiation, including mental status, nystagmus, and cranial nerve involvement. Causes range from inflammatory to neoplastic conditions. Diagnostic...

Kate Murphy

BVSc (Hons) DSAM DipECVIM-CA FRCVS PGCert(HE) Small Animal Internal Medicine Specialist and Head of Teleconsulting

This article coversdiagnosing and treating urinary incontinence in dogs, which involves involuntary urine leakage. It covers the distinction between incontinence, increased urine output (polyuria), and frequent urination (pollakiuria), and lists common signs like bed-wetting and dribbling. The...

Carlos Ros Alemany

DVM DipECVN MRCVS EBVS® European Veterinary Specialist in Veterinary Neurology

This article exploresIschemic myelopathy (IM), a vascular spinal cord condition in small animals, commonly caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE). It discusses IM etiology, clinical signs (like per-acute, non-painful, non-progressive neurological dysfunction), diagnostic pathways (including...

Charlotte Johnston

DVM MVetSc DACVIM (oncology) MRCV, EBVS® European Veterinary Specialist in Small Animal Oncology

This article considersbone marrow suppression, an important chemotherapy side effect. It details the effects of myelosuppression, the timing of neutropenia nadir (5-10 days post-treatment), and sepsis risk withlow neutrophil counts (1000 cells/L). Treatment and prevention strategies, including dose...

Anna Sunol

Lda Vet, Dip ECVN, SFHEA, MRCVS, EBVS® European Veterinary Specialist in Veterinary Neurology

This articles explores idiopathic epilepsy in small animals. It covers: causes, recognition of seizures (generalized and focal), and emergency situations like status epilepticus. There are three tiers of evidence used indiagnosis,based on history and diagnostic tests. Treatment options include:...